| |
Unfinished Math Thoughts
Experts in education have pointed out that a problem with math education
is that students never actually see real math in process. They don't get
to see the incomplete ideas, the reevaluation of errors, the incomplete
leads, and the powerful insights that lead to new thinking. All our education
systems shows students is formal expressions of ideas that have been completed
long ago by someone else.
Although this site already contains some incomplete ideas, as a mathematical
hobbyist, I thought perhaps I should show ideas still in process, thoughts
that are still incomplete.
|
Last Updated: September 16, 2011
|
| |
Pure Math
|
The mathematician moves ideas from the right brain to the left
brain. He starts by creatively thinking about about the big picture,
the patterns, the relationships. As he processes that thinking he
develops symbols, language, formal logic and conclusions.
However, math education rarely reaches the right brain. Educational
standards and traditional methods start with the formal language
and methods that have already been developed. Students are asked
to memorize these formalities. The students do not get involved
in the creative and discovery processes that make up real math and
real science. They are tested on the formalities, not the deeper
understanding or creative processes. They do not get to actually
see what real math is.
|
|
Goldbach's Conjecture
We have started to examine Goldbach's Conjecture using
pattern recursion. We looked for the arrangement of holes (potential
prime pairs.) Perhaps, we should have been looking for the arrangement
of zeros (convergence of all critical primes.) For example, we can
look at the list of holes for G = 2 and critical primes = 2,3,5,7.
Each pair below (except S) adds to G and has the critical primes
in their factor list.
| S |
G |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
0 |
-28 |
-40 |
-70 |
-138 |
-168 |
-180 |
-208 |
|
| 1 |
2 |
30 |
42 |
72 |
140 |
170 |
182 |
210 |
|
This list hints at the equivalents for G simply by adding the absolute
values. D1 equivalents for G = 2 are 58, 82, 142, 278, 362, and
418.
|
|
Recently finished
|
| |
Economics
|
Stress Limits Profits
We believe in maximizing profits. Our government issue reports
on productivity. We believe that maximum productivity means maximum
output and maximum profit. But is this assumption correct?
As we push for higher outputs, we increase the stresses on both
our workers and our machines.
|
 |
Fatigued workers are more accident prone, more mistake prone, and
more illness prone. Similarly, machines pushed to their limits break
down more frequently. Thus, pushing too hard for output rapidly
increases stress related costs.
Conversely, the total output does not continue to rise linearly
with pressure for more. Only so much juice may be squeezed out of
a lemon. After that a lot of energy gets invested into each drop.
A person runs out of hours in a day. A machine must be shut down
for maintenance. Diminishing returns is reached.
|
| Read
the rest of stress |
|
Unemployment
Estimates of unemployment contain too many factors to reliably
provide the information we want to see. That's why this site has
tracked employment instead
of unemployment. But one can put the employment and unemployment
numbers back together to see the problems.
 |
The official counts show a drop in the total workforce
in 2001 followed by sluggish growth throughout the decade. We
have no reason to believe that the number of people needing
jobs actually dropped or that the population quit growing. |
We can extrapolate the average workforce growth rate from the proceeding
years to estimate the probable real workforce. When we do this we
see that real unemployment grew to about 10% and remained high throughout
the Bush administration. The real unemployment rate was already
near 14% the day Obama took office. You may find similar analysis
at Shadow
Stats.
|
|
|
| |
Environment
|
Climate Change
NASA keeps monthly data. So how does the data compare to either
the claims that earth is warming, or the claims that earth is cooling?
Here we graph temperatures averaged across a 7.2 year span. (7.2
years was picked because there appeared to be an oscillation at
roughly that frequency.) At this interval we see punctuated warming.
Periods ending in 2010 are the warmest for land and the globe overall.
For the ocean 2008 and 2010 roughly tie as the warmest. (See
more)
|
 |
|
Generalizing Peaks
Various analysts have discussed evidence that peak oil is occurring right now.
Polya described the last step of good problem solving being generalizing
the form to other problems. Let's take a quick look at the evidence that
peak oil is now and generalize the form to other problems.
|
Peak Oil : In the first decade of this century the rate
of production stalled even while demand rose.
Generalization: The rate of rise stalls even while forcing
factors should drive continued rising.
- Food Production: The rate of grain production stalled 30 years
ago even while population has continued to rise.
- Seasonal Cycles: At the end of the season the fruit tree slows
its production, even while people are still searching for fruit.
- Housing Bubble: Housing sales slowed in 2007 even though people
still needed houses.
Peak Oil: Prices rose exponentially between 2000 & 2007
with supply & demand factors
Generalization: Secondary measures start to change rapidly,
or slow down per situation
- During the first decade prices of many commodities including
food and strategic metals rose rapidly.
|
|
Peak Oil: The rate of consumption is persisting at about
four times the rate discovery
Generalization: Output measures persist higher than input
measures.
- Housing Bubble: From 2000 to 2008 real estate values rose rapidly
even while wages and employment stagnated.
|
|
Peak Oil: Over the last 60 years the sources of oil have
moved further away, become riskier to extract, and become costlier
to extract (The EROI has dropped.)
Generalization: Sources become costlier and more difficult
to acquire.
- Water Supply: Farms in various areas including the Oglalla aquifer
and Southern California had had to dig much deeper wells.
- Fishing Industry: Small fishing vessels no longer leave from
coastal cities. Larger vessels travel farther to get fish. Fish
formerly caught from our own coasts are now imported from other
countries.
|
|
Peak Oil: Since about 1980 new discoveries of oil have become
less frequent and smaller.
Generalization: Sources become smaller and less frequent.
- Fishing Industry: Fish caught along the coast and in rivers
are smaller and less common than those caught their 50 years ago.
|
|
Peak Oil: Oil suppliers have changed their behavior in two
noticeable ways (1) they are now expressing excitement of low quality
sources that they would have ignored in the past (eg: tar sands)
(2) they are changing their economic behavior (eg: prospecting on
Wall St. and buying back stock.)
Generalization: Experts and experienced workers (1) express
excitement over low quality finds, (2) start looking elsewhere for
opportunities.
- Seasons: Farm workers leave specific crop behind and move to
other more productive crops.
- Fishing Industry: Fishing vessels are larger and travel farther.
Some fishing vessels stopped fishing and switched to whale watching
and other tourist ventures.
- Housing Bubble: Banks bundled high risk investments with lower
risk investments and sold the bundles to other banks. Some banks
(Countrywide) habitually changed numbers on documents. Banks started
to ask other banks to insure the risks they took on.
|
The forms used to identify one type of peak can be used to identify other
types of peaks. The housing bubble should have been recognized very early
simply by looking at the evidence for peaks. Various challenges we will
face in the future (including peak oil) are already evident in the patterns
if only we choose to look and prepare ourselves. |
|
| |
|
|